ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ
Ââåäåíèå...............................................ñòð.2
Aidstest...............................................ñòð.3
Doctor Web.............................................ñòð.4
AVSP...................................................ñòð.6
Microsoft Antivirus...................................ñòð.12
ADinf.................................................ñòð.13
Ñâîäíàÿ òàáëèöà àíòèâèðóñíûõ ïðîãðàìì.................ñòð.16
Ïîñëåñëîâèå...........................................ñòð.17
Ñïèñîê èñïîëüçóåìîé ëèòåðàòóðû........................ñòð.18
ÂÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ
Ïðè ðàáîòå ñ ñîâðåìåííûì ïåðñîíàëüíûì êîìïüþòåðîì ïîëüçîâàòå-
ëÿ (à îñîáåííî íà÷èíàþùåãî) ìîæåò ïîäñòåðåãàòü ìíîæåñòâî íåïðèÿò-
íîñòåé: ïîòåðÿ äàííûõ, çàâèñàíèå ñèñòåìû, âûõîä èç ñòðîÿ îò-
äåëüíûõ ÷àñòåé êîìïüþòåðà è äðóãèå. Îäíîé èç ïðè÷èí ýòèõ ïðîáëåì
íàðÿäó ñ îøèáêàìè â ïðîãðàììíîì îáåñïå÷åíèè) è íåóìåëûìè äåé-
ñòâèÿìè ñàìîãî îïåðàòîðà ÏÝÂÌ ìîãóò áûòü ïðîíèêøèå â ñèñòåìó êîì-
ïüþòåðíûå âèðóñû. Ýòè ïðîãðàììû ïîäîáíî áèîëîãè÷åñêèì âèðóñàì
ðàçìíîæàþòñÿ,çàïèñûâàÿñü â ñèñòåìíûå îáëàñòè äèñêà èëè ïðèïèñû-
âàÿñü ê ôàéëàì è ïðîèçâîäÿò ðàçëè÷íûå íåæåëàòåëüíûå äåéñòâèÿ, êî-
òîðûå , çà÷àñòóþ, èìåþò êàòàñòðîôè÷åñêèå ïîñëåäñòâèÿ. ×òîáû íå
ñòàòü æåðòâîé ýòîé íàïàñòè, êàæäîìó ïîëüçîâàòåëþ ñëåäóåò õîðîøî
çíàòü ïðèíöèïû çàùèòû îò êîìïüþòåðíûõ âèðóñîâ.
Ñ äàâíèõ âðåìñí èçâåñòíî, ÷òî ê ëþáîìó ÿäó ðàíî èëè ïîçäíî
ìîæíî íàéòè ïðîòèâîÿäèå. Òàêèì ïðîòèâîÿäèåì â êîìïüþòåðíîì ìèðå
ñòàëè ïðîãðàììû, íàçûâàåìûå àíòèâèðóñíûìè. Äàííûå ïðîãðàììû ìîæ-
íî êëàññèôèöèðîâàòü ïî ïÿòè îñíîâíûì ãðóïïàì: ôèëüòðû, äåòåêòîðû,
ðåâèçîðû, äîêòîðà è âàêöèíàòîðû.
Àíòèâèðóñû-ôèëüòðû - ýòî ðåçèäåíòíûå ïðîãðàììû, êîòîðûå îïî-
âåùàþò ïîëüçîâàòåëÿ î âñåõ ïîïûòêàõ êàêîé-ëèáî ïðîãðàììû çàïè-
ñàòüñÿ íà äèñê, à óæ òåì áîëåå îòôîðìàòèðîâàòü åãî , à òàêæå î
äðóãèõ ïîäîçðèòåëüíûõ äåéñòâèÿõ (íàïðèìåð î ïîïûòêàõ èçìåíèòü óñ-
òàíîâêè CMOS). Ïðè ýòîì âûâîäèòñÿ çàïðîñ î ðàçðåøåíèè èëè çàïðå-
ùåíèè äàííîãî äåéñòâèÿ. Ïðèíöèï ðàáîòû ýòèõ ïðîãðàìì îñíîâàí íà
ïåðåõâàòå ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ âåêòîðîâ ïðåðûâàíèé. Ê ïðåèìóùåñòâó
ïðîãðàìì ýòîãî êëàññà ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ ïðîãðàììàìè-äåòåêòîðàìè ìîæ-
íî îòíåñòè óíèâåðñàëüíîñòü ïî îòíîøåíèþ êàê ê èçâåñòíûì,òàê è
íåèçâåñòíûì âèðóñàì, òîãäà êàê äåòåêòîðû ïèøóòñÿ ïîä êîíêðåò-
íûå,èçâåñòíûå íà äàííûé ìîìåíò ïðîãðàììèñòó âèäû. Ýòî îñîáåííî
àêòóàëüíî ñåé÷àñ, êîãäà ïîÿâèëîñü ìíîæåñòâî âèðóñîâ-ìóòàíòîâ,íå
èìåþùèõ ïîñòîÿííîãî êîäà. Îäíàêî, ïðîãðàììû-ôèëüòðû íå ìîãóò îò-
ñëåæèâàòü âèðóñû, îáðàùàþùèåñÿ íåïîñðåäñòâåííî ê BIOS, à òàêæå
BOOT-âèðóñû, àêòèâèçèðóþùèåñÿ åùñ äî çàïóñêà àíòèâèðóñà, â íà-
÷àëüíîé ñòàäèè çàãðóçêè DOS, Ê íåäîñòàòêàì òàêæå ìîæíî îòíåñòè
÷àñòóþ âûäà÷ó çàïðîñîâ íà îñóùåñòâëåíèå êàêîé-ëèáî îïåðàöèè: îò-
âåòû íà âîïðîñû îòíèìàþò ó ïîëüçîâàòåëÿ ìíîãî âðåìåíè è äåé-
ñòâóþò åìó íà íåðâû. Ïðè óñòàíîâêå íåêîòîðûõ àíòèâèðó-
ñîâ-ôèëüòðîâ ìîãóò âîçíèêàòü êîíôëèêòû ñ äðóãèìè ðåçèäåíòíûìè
ïðîãðàììàìè, èñïîëüçóþùèìè òå æå ïðåðûâàíèÿ, êîòîðûå ïðîñòî ïå-
ðåñòàþò ðàáîòàòü.
Íàèáîëüøåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå â íàøåé ñòðàíå ïîëó÷èëè ïðîãðàì-
ìû-äåòåêòîðû,à âåðíåå ïðîãðàììû, îáúåäèíÿþùèå â ñåáå äåòåêòîð è
äîêòîð. Íàèáîëåå èçâåñòíûå ïðåäñòàâèòåëè ýòîãî êëàññà - Aidstest,
Doctor Web,MicroSoft AntiVirus äàëåå áóäóò ðàññìîòðåíû ïîäðîáíåå.
Àíòèâèðóñû-äåòåêòîðû ðàñ÷èòàíû íà êîíêðåòíûå âèðóñû è îñíîâàíû íà
ñðàâíåíèè ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòè êîäîâ ñîäåðæàùèõñÿ â òåëå âèðóñà ñ
êîäàìè ïðîâåðÿåìûõ ïðîãðàìì.Òàêèå ïðîãðàììû íóæíî ðåãóëÿðíî îá-
íîâëÿòü, òàê êàê îíè áûñòðî óñòàðåâàþò è íå ìîãóò îáíàðóæèâàòü
íîâûå âèäû âèðóñîâ.
Ðåâèçîðû - ïðîãðàììû, êîòîðûå àíàëèçèðóþò òåêóùåå ñîñòîÿíèå
ôàéëîâ è ñèñòåìíûõ îáëàñòåé äèñêà è ñðàâíèâàþò åãî ñ èíôîðìàöèåé,
ñîõðàíñííîé ðàíåå â îäíîì èç ôàéëîâ äàííûõ ðåâèçîðà. Ïðè ýòîì
ïðîâåðÿåòñÿ ñîñòîÿíèå BOOT-ñåêòîðà, òàáëèöû FAT, à òàêæå äëèíà
ôàéëîâ, èõ âðåìÿ ñîçäàíèÿ, àòðèáóòû, êîíòðîëüíàÿ ñóììà. Àíàëèçè-
ðóÿ ñîîáùåíèÿ ïðîãðàììû-ðåâèçîðà, ïîëüçîâàòåëü ìîæåò ðåøèòü, ÷åì
âûçâàíû èçìåíåíèÿ: âèðóñîì èëè íåò. Ïðè âûäà÷å òàêîãî ðîäà ñîîá-
ùåíèé íå ñëåäóåò ïðåäàâàòüñÿ ïàíèêå, òàê êàê ïðè÷èíîé èçìåíåíèé,
íàïðèìåð, äëèíû ïðîãðàììû ìîæåò áûòü âîâñå è íå âèðóñ. Òàê áûë
ñëó÷àé, êîãäà îäèí íà÷èíàþùèé ïîëüçîâàòåëü íå íà øóòêó ïåðåïóãàë-
ñÿ, êîãäà àíòèâèðóñ AVSP âûäàë åìó ñîîáùåíèå îá èçìåíåíèÿõ â ôàé-
ëå CONFIG.SYS. Îêàçàëîñü, ÷òî äî ýòîãî íà êîìïüþòåð áûëà îñóùåñ-
òâëåíà èíñòàëÿöèÿ ìåíåäæåðà ïàìÿòè QEMM, êîòîðûé ïèøåò ñâîé äðàé-
âåð â CONFIG.SYS.
Ê ïîñëåäíåé ãðóïïå îòíîñÿòñÿ ñàìûå íåýôôåêòèâíûå àíòèâèðóñû -
âàêöèíàòîðû. Îíè çàïèñûâàþò â âàêöèíèðóåìóþ ïðîãðàììó ïðèçíàêè
êîíêðåòíîãî âèðóñà òàê, ÷òî âèðóñ ñ÷èòàåò åå óæå çàðaæåííîé.
AIDSTEST
 íàøåé ñòðàíå, êàê óæå ok
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